However, registered centres for OCR are permitted to copy material from this Specification booklet for their own internal Cambridge and RSA Examinations is a Company Limited by Guarantee. Larger functions may occupy larger segments, while a print statement may only need a small segment of memory.

A full adder is a logic gate that takes three bit inputs and computes the addition result of them, as well as a carry. An interrupt is a signal generated by software or hardware to temporarily suspend the current execution of a program to handle a specific event or condition. Then, one half of the unsorted elements is compared to the corresponding other half of the unsorted elements.A bespoke software package may be bought by organisations for their specific needs like an inventory management system for a retailer. A variable is a location in memory which holds a particular variable, which can be of a specific type. Lossless compression techniques records and optimises patterns in the source data, rather than changing the data itself. This can be done through a brute force attack, which uses every possible key to decrypt ciphertext until one works. If there are 65,535 TCP connections or more at a time all accessing some data, new connections cannot be established as this is the 16-bit limit for the transport layer!

Lossless compression is important when transferring files such as binary data (like program files for OS updates) or when conserving all original content. Referential integrity states that an attribute referenced as a foreign key on one table cannot be deleted, and therefore cannot reference something that doesn’t exist. This is because as changes are made to the document, the most recent version is on the top - it is building on the previous revisions.Finally, it may also perform shift operations (binary shift) within a register, moving bits left or right.

Each element in the queue has a priority associated with it, which can be denoted by having a number or letter when enqueuing. If the local DNS server does not have a record for the domain, it may forward the request to an ISP’s DNS server. An entity relationship diagram is a way of representing the relationships between entities within a database. If you are designing a system for a company that sells subscriptions for online revision resources, a flat file would not be useful. Code optimisation removes redundant instructions and replace inefficient code with code that achieves the same result.Lossy files are still much better for highly optimising size and quality of images as they are able to discard large amounts of the file if needed. A network switch operates by learning the MAC addresses of devices connected to it, and then using this information to forward data packets to the appropriate device. A network topology refers to the physical or logical arrangement of computing devices which make up a network.